Sons of Anarchy- Ethics/Race Essay - 2311 Words

! Gang Representation in Sons of Anarchy Sons of Anarchy is an American television drama created by Kurt Sutter that airs on FX network. The drama series, also known by its acronym SOA or SAMCRO, is centered around the culture of motorcycle gangs and includes multiple gangs with differentiated racial makeups. The series is set in current-day California in a fictional town called Charming. The town is modeled as a small-town community which has limited government interference normally and lenient authorities. The first season was aired in 2008 and followed the lives of motorcycle gang members in the caucasian gang, called the Sons of Anarchy. Other gangs included in the series were a black gang, called the one-niners, and a†¦show more content†¦In the end Juice admits to the main character Jax, a young white male, that his father is indeed black. Instead of using this opportunity to show how outdated the rule is and that progress can be made against racism no matter how long the rule has been around Sutter decided t o have another character again use race to blackmail Juice. I understand the need for authenticity but I felt this scene was just reinforcing to all watching that it is shameful to be black and it can be used as threat. It was a weak way of showing how racism can effect someone after all the build up during the season and concern for his life. In a matter of one scene it was brushed off, there was no lesson learned nor was there any realism in supposed racist actions of the gang. The ending was neither insightful nor authentic. It just seemed to end without any real conclusion. It had also seemed out of place in the story because during season two the Sons of Anarchy spent the whole season fighting a white supremacist gang. During that season the gang seemed just as disturbed by the ideas of the white supremacist gang as much as their threat to Sons of Anarchy’s control of Charming. It seemed to me that Sutter was using Juice’s race as a shock-factor. This was no surprise to me though as there are many off-hand racist jokes made during the show as well that seem to have little value. ForShow MoreRelatedâ€Å"Theme of Post-Colonialism in Things Fall Apart†657 Words   |  3 PagesFall Apart† The Post-Colonial literature that describes what happens to a strong African, Asian once colonist settle in the area. Post Colonial literature considers vexed cultural- political questions of national and ethnic identity, otherness, race, imperialism and language, during and after the colonial periods. 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Oystercard †Electronic Ticketing System Free Essays

string(61) " continues to be a phased introduction of further functions\." [pic] Oyster Card – Electronic Ticketing [pic] â€Å"Time is money, we are told, and increasing mobility is a way of saving time, but how successful are modern transport systems at saving time? â€Å" (John Whitelegg, â€Å"Time Pollution†, Ecologist 23, no. 4 – 1993) Service choice reasons [pic] If you live in London, you will probably know the Oyster Card fairly well. More or less everybody has one. We will write a custom essay sample on Oystercard – Electronic Ticketing System or any similar topic only for you Order Now You use it to pay for bus or tube travel – top up some money on the card and instead of buying a paper ticket each time, just place your card on a yellow reader, and it will work out how much the journey cost and automatically deduct it from your card. It does save a ton of time, and quite a bit of money too (tickets are cheaper on Oyster). When I first came to London, I found extremely benefcial using the Oyster Card to move around the city and realized how crucial is this service in order to make people travel fast and saving time during their journey. I come from a place where the concept of â€Å"Public Transport† is missed at all. We do not have underground systems, buses are few and always late. In my hometown, Palermo, there are neither tram nor boat services and if you want to cycling you have not to be fussy: bicycle paths are just in the historical centre, which is the â€Å"car† kingdom. Last but not least, people are not used to walk even if distances are very short. I have chosen to analyse the Oyster Card as I honestly think it is a light, useful and well-designed service supporting another service, in other worlds: an electronic ticketing serving the public transport system. Travelling around London, I have been using my Student Oyster Card and I rarely had problems. When it has happened, I have always found punctual and kind help from the London Underground Staff. In a Metropolis as London is, where our journey is not an easy one, we need to go fast, simplifying all the touch points that allow us to buy a ticket, to board on a bus or to finally come back home. My experience with this service has been pleasant and easy so far, and I guess most of the people who live in London will agree with me. [pic] Piccadilly Circus – picture taken by myself. Value proposition [pic] Project: Oyster Card Designer: Transys Year: 2002 [pic] The Oyster Card, developed as part of the ? 1. 2 billion Private Finance Initiative, was introduced for three reasons: first, to reduce queuing at ticket offices during peak periods; second, to make better use of staff; and third, to reduce fraud. Transport for London placed the contract with Transys, a consortium of specialist firms, for the provision of an advanced ticketing system. It was hoped that the Oyster Card would eventually replace most paper tickets. The smartcard system went live in November 2002 when the Oyster brand was launched and the first cards were made available to 80,000 staff. [1] Fraud, estimated to be running at ? 43million per year, was the main driver of the project. The main loss of revenue stemmed from customers either travelling without tickets or using tickets not valid for the whole journey. Other countries have similar smart cards and some of them are used for other types of micro-payments as well as transport – for example Hong Kong’s Octopus card and Japan’s Suica card. At the moment about over 70 similar systems are runned across 5 continents. Since the Oyster card has been introduced in London, the advantages for the customer have been the speed and ease with which they can get through barriers and on to the station, and also in the savings that they make through using the Oyster Card. It can currently be used on the London Underground, London buses and trams, Docklands Light Railway and National Rail Services in London, providing â€Å"seamless journeys across London†. In future, the Oyster Card will be linked to the provision of other services including shopping. This is a great example of advances in technology being applied to improve customer experience. [2] Core service [pic] What it is for? The  Oyster Card  is a form of electronic ticketing used on public transport services within the  Greater London  area of the United Kingdom. Where can use it? Oyster Card is promoted by Transport for London and is valid on a number of different travel systems across London, including: o London Underground; o buses; o the  Docklands Light Railway  (DLR); o London Overground,  trams; o some  river boat services; o most  National Rail  services within the London Fare Zones. How it looks like? A standard Oyster Card is a blue  credit-card-sized  stored value card  which can hold a variety of single tickets, period tickets and travel permits which must be added to the card prior to travel. It is also a  contactless smartcard  which passengers must touch onto electronic reader when entering and leaving the transport system in order to validate it or deduct funds. [pic] [pic] Front and back of an early Oyster card. How it works? The way Oyster works is pretty simple: you purchase the card, buy tickets or concessions either at terminals or online, then swipe the card at a reader when you take a train or bus trip. The Oyster card makes ticketing much more efficient for the consumer: no paper tickets, no handover of cash, little to no interaction with ticketing staff, speedier processing when entering the train station or bus. For the transport authorities, there are cost savings and instances of ticket payment avoidance / counterfeit are greatly reduced [pic] Oyster Card aims to replace the paper Travelcard by storing period tickets electronically. [pic] [pic] Examples of card readers at London Tube Stations. The cards may be â€Å"recharged† in person from numerous sales points, by  recurring payment authority  or by  online purchase. Usage is encouraged by offering substantially cheaper fares on Oyster than payment with cash. [3] The card was first issued to the public in July 2003 with a limited range of features and there continues to be a phased introduction of further functions. You read "Oystercard – Electronic Ticketing System" in category "Papers" By March 2007 over 10 million Oyster cards had been issued[4], and more than 80% of all journeys on services run by Transport for London used the Oyster card. [5] Technology [pic] The Oyster card is a  contactless smartcard, with a claimed proximity range of about 8  cm (3  inches). The scheme is operated by  TranSys, and is based on  NXP/Philips’  MIFARE  standard 1k chips provided by Giesecke Devrient  and  SchlumbergerSema. [6] [pic] A damaged card, revealing the microchip in the lower right corner, and the aerial running around the edge of the card. MIFARE DESFire  is now being rolled out on newly issued Oyster cards starting January 5th 2010. It is the same contactless smartcard as  Touch ‘n Go  card in  Malaysia  which is mainly used for tollway fares. [pic] The  malasian Touch ‘n Go  or  TnG  smart card. The technology used for the Oyster card is known as  radio-frequency identification  (RFID), which is the same technology used in other electronic pass cards like Japan’s  Suica  fare cards and other cards used all over the world. [7] [pic] The japanese Suica  ( Suika )  smart card. Suica Smart Card additional services: – Operating lockers; – Airport check-in; – Coupon; – Bank account access. Advertising, Brand Identity and Analogies [pic] The London Tube Oyster card resides inside a plastic thingie that opens up, just like a clam (oyster) does. According to Nicole Carrol, then of EDS, the name reflects the way â€Å"the oyster protects a pearl in much the same way that the card protects the cardholder’s money. â€Å"[8] [pic] [pic][pic] Oyster Current more popular Oyster card wallet By Ikea Yellow background, blue writing, unmistakably IKEA. But it is not justt the colours of the most popular Oyster Card which remarks the sponsor, it is also the sentence(s) on the leaflet: â€Å"Travel is a means to an end. Home. † Fact behind the story: It’s the IKEA latest campaign about putting the concept of HOME in the Londoners minds. Two years ago, in fact, Swedish home store Ikea is launching a ? 2 million outdoor campaign which included sponsorship of the Ideal Homes Show 2008. Since the Oyster Card has been introduced, several different type of wallets have been launched and produced such as: Designer Oyster Card Wallets, Oxfam, Pimp My Oystercard (by Ben Jarvis and Tim Crook -badoyster, a Company that makes satirical oyster card wallets. [9]), Virgin, and so on. Every one aimed to advertising or sponsoring a Brand or a Company just because a Oyster Card wallet is a good launch window. [pic][pic][pic] [pic][pic][pic] Exaples of Oyster card wallet. Adverstising Campaigns examples: Agency: M C Saatchi Client: Transport for London a. One poster was headlined â€Å"Blue is the new pink†. It showed a photograph of a one day Travelcard and an Oyster card. Text below stated â€Å"Faster Smarter Easier Oyster†. b. A second poster was headlined â€Å"The correct change†. It showed a photograph of an Oyster card. Text below stated â€Å"Faster Smarter Easier Oyster†. c. A third poster stated â€Å"Did you know? Using Oyster is cheaper than buying daily single tickets. Ask our staff about Oyster Pre Pay. † d. A fourth poster stated â€Å"Still paying cash for single and daily tickets? Using Oyster Pre Pay is: cheaper quicker – avoid queues more convenient – no need to plan your journey in advance †¦ â€Å". [10] Features Registration and protection Oyster Cards can be registered or protected for loss or theft. Full registration can be done at a  London Underground  station, an Oyster Ticket Stop (shop) or a Travel Information Centre: an Oyster registration form must be filled in (either at time of purchase or subsequently). Registration enables the customer to buy any product for the card and to have an after-sales service, and it protects against theft or loss. All adult Oyster Cards purchased online or by phone are fully registered. (This does not include Visitor Oyster Cards. ) Oyster Cards obtained at stations or shops cannot be fully registered online. However customers can  protect their Oyster Card online by setting up an Oyster online account and recording their card to that account. Sales Oyster Cards can be purchased from a number of different outlets in the London area: London Underground or London Overground ticket windows; o cash-only vending machines at some stations, they charge ? 5 for the card (? 3 refundable deposit and ? 2 worth of credit); o about 2,300 Oyster Ticket Stop agents (usually newsagent shops); o selected National Rail stations which are also served by London Underground; o Travel Information Centres; o online via the Oystercard website; o by telephone sales from TfL. [1 1] [pic] Oyster Card Machine installed at London Bridge station in December 2006. A refundable deposit of ? 3 is paid for all new Oyster Cards. 12] A registration form is provided at the time of purchase. If the form is not completed the Oyster Card is restricted to Pay as you go and weekly tickets. Most National Rail stations and termini do not sell or top up Oyster card products; TfL publish a list of the participating stations. At several main line termini, TfL run Travel Information Centres which do sell Oyster. Reporting Touch screen ticket machines report the last eight journeys and last top-up amount. The same information is available as a print-out from ticket offices, and also on-board London Buses by request. The balance is displayed on some Underground barriers at the end of journeys that have caused a debit from the balance and can also be requested at newsagents and National Rail stations that provide a top-up facility. A complete 8 week ‘touch’ history can be requested from Transport for London: For registered and protected Oyster Cards, Transport for London can provide the history for the previous 8 weeks, but no further back. The Oyster website gives details of the most recent journeys charged to pay as you go if and only if credit has been purchased online, but not for other journeys, or those paid for by Travelcard. Renewals When the Oyster Card Travelcard is due to expire, it can be renewed at the normal sales points and ticket machines at London Underground or London Overground stations, Oyster Ticket Stop agents, or some National Rail stations. Travelcards can also be renewed online via the Oystercard website, or by telephone sales from TfL; users must then nominate a Tube station where they will swipe their card in order to charge up the card with the funds purchased. This can only be done the day after ordering. [13]Travelcard renewals cannot be added from a reader on a bus. Recharging When the PAYG balance runs low, the balance can be topped up at the normal sales points or ticket machines at London Underground or London Overground stations, Oyster Ticket Stops or some National Rail stations. All ticket offices at stations run by London Underground will sell or recharge Oyster cards, or handle Oyster card refunds. However, some Tube stations are actually operated by National Rail train operating companies, and their ticket offices will not deal with Oyster refunds. DLR ticket offices do not sell any Oyster Card top-ups or handle refunds. PAYG funds and Travelcard season tickets (but not Bus Tram Passes) can also be purchased online via the Oyster online website or by calling the Oyster helpline; users must then select one station or tram stop where they will validate their card in order to load the funds or Travelcard purchased. This should be done as part of a normal journey to avoid the risk of paying an Oyster maximum fare. If the customer is purchasing PAYG, the top up will be at the gates of their nominated station, or Tramlink stop the  next  day (ready for first train, provided they made the purchase before 11 PM the previous night). It will remain at the gates for 7 further days before dropping off the system. If the customer purchases a Travelcard season ticket, it will ‘arrive’ at the gates, up to 5 days before the start date of the ticket and will remain there until 2 days after the ticket has started. If the customer does not make their pick up in time, it will take a further 14 days to refund automatically to the bank card they made the purchase with. [14]Top-ups of this type cannot be added from a reader on a bus. Auto top-up Customers can set up and manage Auto top-up online for their existing Oyster Card. They register a  debit  or  credit card, make a payg top-up purchase (minimum ? 5) and select either ? 20 or ? 40 as the Auto top-up amount. Alternatively, a new Oyster card with Auto top-up and a mimimum of ? 5 pay as you go can be ordered via Oyster online. Whenever the pay as you go balance falls below ? 5, ? 20 or ? 40 is added to the balance automatically when the Oyster Card is touched on an entry validator. A light on the Oyster reader flashes to indicate the Auto top-up has taken place and an email is sent to confirm the transaction. Payment is then taken from the registered debit or credit card. To ensure successful transactions, customers must record any changes to their billing address and update their debit or credit card details as necessary. [pic] Top up machine Touching in and out system [pic][pic][pic] London Underground ticket barriers with yellow Oyster readers Travellers touch the card on a distinctive yellow circular reader (a  Cubic  Tri-Reader) on the automated barriers at  London Underground  stations to ‘touch in’ and ‘touch out’ at the start and end of a journey (contact is not necessary, but the range of the reader is only a few inches). Tram stops and  buses  also have readers, on the driver/conductor’s ticket machine and, in articulated buses, near the other entrances also. Oyster Cards can be used to store both period  travelcards  and bus passes (of one week or more), and a  Pay as you go  balance. The system is  asynchronous, the current balance and ticket data being held electronically on the card rather than in the central database. The main database is updated periodically with information received from the card by barriers and validators. Tickets bought online or over the telephone are â€Å"loaded† at a barrier or validator at a preselected location. [pic][pic][pic] Oyster validators are placed at most entrances on London buses. Pay as you go system Oyster Route Validators [pic] The yellow symbol for Oyster validators. In addition to holding  Travelcards  and bus passes, Oyster Cards can also be used as  stored-value cards, holding electronic funds of money. Amounts are deducted from the card each time it is used, and the funds can be â€Å"recharged† when required. The maximum value that an Oyster card may hold is ? 90. This system is known as â€Å"pay as you go† (abbreviated PAYG), because instead of holding a season ticket, the user only pays at the point of use. The use of PAYG differs across the various modes of transport in London, and passengers are sometimes required to follow different procedures to pay for their journey correctly. [pic] The pink symbol for Oyster Route validators In 2009, TfL introduced a new form of Oyster Card validator. These validators, distinguished from the standard yellow validators with a pink-coloured reader, do not deduct funds but are used at peripheral interchange points to confirm journey details. Oyster Pay as you go users travelling between two points without passing through Zone 1 are eligible for a lower fare, and from the 6 September 2009 they can confirm their route by touching their Oyster Cards on the pink validators when they change trains. By doing this, they can be charged the appropriate fare without paying for Zone 1 travel. [pic] A Thames Clipper river bus service As with Underground, Buses, River Buses and DLR journeys, Oyster PAYG users on National Rail must swipe their card at the start and end of the journey to pay the correct fare. PAYG funds may also be used to cover any additional fares due from season ticket holders who have travelled outside the valid zones of their season ticket. Many large National Rail stations in London have Oyster Card-compatible barriers. [pic] National Rail ticket barriers with yellow Oyster readers [pic] Standalone Oyster readers provided at interchange stations between National Rail and the Tube. Pricing The pricing system is fairly complex, and changes from time to time. The most up to date fares can be found on Transport for London’s FareFinder website. To encourage passengers to switch to Oyster, payg fares (including Bus and Tram fares) are generally much cheaper than cash fares: A cash bus or tram fare is ? 2, while the single Oyster fare is ? 1. 20, but capped at ? 3. 90 for any number of trips in a day. Using pay as you go, a single trip on the Tube within Zone 1 costs ? 1. 80 (compared to ? 4 cash), or from ? 1. 30 (? 3. 50 cash) within any other single zone. Penalty fares and maximum Oyster fare In order to prevent â€Å"misuse† by a stated 2% of passengers, from 19 November 2006 pay as you go users who do not both ‘touch in’ at the start and ‘touch out’ at the end of their  rail network  journeys are charged a ‘maximum Oyster fare’ – currently ? 6 (Mon – Fri 06:30 – 09:30 16:00 – 19:00) / ? 4. 30 (at all other times) for most journeys, or more if the journey begins or ends at certain National Rail stations. Depending on the journey made, the difference between this maximum fare and the actual fare due is automatically refunded to the user’s Oyster Card upon touching out. Users must touch in and out even if the ticket barriers are open. At stations where Oyster is accepted but that do not have ticket barriers, an Oyster pass validator will be provided for the purposes of touching in and out. The maximum cash fare applies even if the daily price cap has been reached and does not count towards the cap. Maximum cash fares may be contested by telephone to the Oyster helpline on 0845 330 9876. [15] This involves providing the Oyster Card number and the relevant journey details; further journeys appearing on the card are helpful to validate the user’s claim. If the claim is accepted then the maximum Oyster fare minus the cost of the journey will be refunded. The customer should make the pick up as part of his or her regular travel pattern. This is because when they touch the reader with their Oyster Card, not only will the refund go on to the card, but a new journey will start. Oyster users who do not touch in or out when making a journey (in only for bus and tram journeys) may be liable to pay a penalty fare (currently ? 50) and/or reported for prosecution if caught by a revenue protection inspector. Issues Technological and security issues The system has not been without technical setbacks and criticisms. Passenger groups have expressed concern that buying single travel tickets with cash is far more expensive than using Oyster Cards, and it is suggested that this is putting many tourists off coming to London. Oyster has been promoted by Visit Britain and TfL, who sell them on their website and in their offices around the world. Despite this, visitors to London have often never heard of Oyster and its benefits, and are paying higher cash fares unnecessarily. 3 deposit is also seen as a deterrent to tourists. Another complication is the confusing terms of validity on National Rail services which serve many popular tourist sites on the outskirts of London. The system has been criticised as a threat to the privacy of its users. Each Oyster card is uniquely numbered, and registration is required for monthly or longer tickets, which are no longer available on paper. Usage data are stored bot h on the card and centrally by Transport for London; recent usage can be checked by anyone in possession of the ticket at some ticket machines. Privacy groups consider it a form of mass surveillance and are concerned with how these data will be used, especially given the introduction of the London congestion charge by Mayor of London Ken Livingstone in February 2003. The police have used Oyster card data as an investigative tool, and this use is increasing. Between August 2004 and March 2006 TfL’s Information Access and Compliance Team received 436 requests from the police for Oyster card information. Of these, 409 requests were granted and the data was released to the police. [16] The system has been criticised for usability issues in general system, website and top-up machine design. The most significant usability issue is that pay as you go customers who for whatever reason do not â€Å"touch out† at the end of their journeys will not be charged correctly. Users who have run up a pay as you go debt of as little as ? 1 are prohibited from using any period travelcards on the card until the debt is repaid. Another criticism is that problem diagnosis by London Underground staff is generally poor[citation needed] as the system is new and complex, and the staff unfamiliar with all its workings and insufficiently trained; this causes passenger frustration. On 10 March 2005 a software fault meant that the Oyster system was inoperable during the morning rush hour. Ticket barriers had to be left open and pay-as-you-go fares could not be collected. [17] On the day that the pay-as-you-go went live on all Oyster cards, some season ticket passengers were prevented from making a second journey on their travelcard. Upon investigation each had a negative prepay balance. This was widely reported as a major bug in the system. [18] However, the reason for the â€Å"bug† was that some season ticket holders, either knowingly or otherwise, were passing through zones not included on their tickets. The existing paper system could not prevent this kind of misuse as the barriers only checked if a paper ticket was valid in the zone the barrier was in. Touching Points and Journey Mapping [pic] Mapping the user journey from buying an Oyster Card, touching in at the barrier, catching the tube, touching out, going to work and coming back home following the backwards corse. Highlighting all the touching points: †¢ ticket machineoffice to purchase or top up the Oyster Card; †¢ barriersvalidators in and out; †¢ Tfl website; †¢ Tfl green-line; †¢ travel information center; †¢ member of the staff for questions or problems; †¢ crime department in case loststolen cards; †¢ mailletter for student or photo cards [pic] Touching points [pic] [pic] Mapping the journey Surveys and Service Implementation [pic] Source: http://www. transys. com/whatwedo/oystercardproject/results. php [pic] Source: http://www. transys. com/whatwedo/oystercardproject/implementation. hp Conclusions In Principles of Marketing, Philip Kotler defines a service as â€Å"any activity or benefit that one party can give to another, that is essentially intangible and does not result in the ownership of anything†. [19] I, like millions of other people travel to and around London every week day for work and so have found the Oyster Card an invaluable tool to help me in my journey. I think the main advantage of this card is that it means I can load a certain amount onto it for the month and then not have to worry about having actual cash on me to buy a new ticket each day. The Oyster Card can be carried in your wallet just like a credit card and so is small, handy and easy to use. The other great thing about the Oyster Card is that it’s cheaper to use per journey than if you buy a ticket with cash. Another thing I like is that if you swipe in and then there is a long delay on you line and you have to swipe right out again without going anywhere you can go back up to the ticket office and have them refund your money back onto the card. This however, must be done within 15 minutes of swiping out again otherwise they will not refund it for you. I also like the fact that if you journey is delayed for fifteen minutes or more (this happens quite a bit to me, sitting in tunnels for ? hour at a time) you can log onto the website given above and ask for a refund. You can enter your Oyster Card details so they can see you are telling the truth and then you will be sent a credit voucher in the post that you can then put back onto your Oyster Card to compensate you for your inconvenience. One of my criticisms though with the Oyster Card is that it does not always swipe first time and you are given a red light meaning you have to swipe your card again. This often causes backup at the gate, especially at rush hour in the mornings or evening. Generally I find it is because you are standing too close to the gate and so if you back away a bit you should be ok to swipe after that. One thing I would urge is that you need to make sure that you swipe in and then remember to swipe out to complete a full journey and to avoid being charged a full amount. On one hand we can safely assume that such services are an optimized solution for our current need of travelling fast. On the other hand, we do not know the unpredictable consequences of our design actions. As John Thackara worn us, increases in mobility cause negative impact on the environment [20] and we use time gained by speed in order to travel further [21]. ———————– [1] http://www. transys. com/whatwedo/oystercardproject. php [2] Bill Hollins – http://www. designcouncil. org. uk/About-Design/Design-Disciplines/Service-design-by-Bill-Hollins/13-lessons-in-service-design/. [3] â€Å"What is Oyster? â€Å". Transport for London. Retrieved 10 August 2008. 4]  Ã¢â‚¬Å"Mayor to give away 100,000 free Oyster cards†. Media Centre  (Greater London Authority). 17 April 2007. Retrieved 8 October 2007. [5] â€Å"New deal with Visit London and Superbreak makes Oyster even more convenient†. Press Centre  (Visit London). 28 August 2007. Retrieved 8 October 2007. [6] MIFARE. net  Ã¢â‚¬â€œÃ‚  Easing travel in London’s co ngested public transport network [7] â€Å"Smart-card ticketing goes Underground†. ZDNet. 20 October 2002. Retrieved 8 October 2007. [8] http://www. rfidnews. org/2002/12/01/a-tube-full-of-oysters-london-goes-contactless -A tube full of Oysters? London goes contactless . [9] http://londonist. com/2007/03/pimp_my_oysterc. php [10]http://www. asa. org. uk/Complaints-and-ASA-action/Adjudications/2005/11/Transport-For London/CS_40497. aspx [11] Transport for London  Ã¢â‚¬â€œ Oyster online shop [12] Changes to Oyster card deposit from 17 May 2009  Ã¢â‚¬â€œ Transport for London. Retrieved 27 September 2009 [13] Transport for London. â€Å"Oyster online help†. Retrieved 17 November 2007. [14] Transport for London. â€Å"Oyster online help†. Retrieved 17 November 2007. [15] â€Å"What should I do if I can’t touch out at the end of my journey? . Transport For London helpsite. Retrieved 19 June 2008. [16] OysterCardRFI – Letter from TfL in response to a freedom of information request [17] BBC News – ‘? 50,000 lost’ in Oyster failure. [18] BBC News – Inquiry into Tube’s Oyster card [19] Philip  Kotler, Gary Armstrong – 2005 – Business Economics- Chapter 9-pp 276. [20] John Thackara. In the Bubble – Designing in a Complex World. The MIT Press, Massachussetts – 2006. [21] John Thackara. In the Bubble – Designing in a Complex World. The MIT Press, chussetts – 2006. How to cite Oystercard – Electronic Ticketing System, Papers

Career expectation of a nurse free essay sample

As a potential nursing student, I will strive to be a tremendous asset to Spartan Health Sciences University by devoting all my time, energy and life to becoming a spectacular nurse. I believe that I am obligated to use my talents in a constructive manner, a manner beneficial to society. A nursing career gives me the unique opportunity to express my talents while benefiting human life. My social and friendly ways will be a great contribution to Spartan Health Sciences University. Being raised in a country as culturally diverse as St Lucia, I have gained an understanding and acceptance for a wide variety of different cultures, belief and ways of life. A quality that will help me to work well with other nursing students and also help me serve my clients better in future. At the age of sixteen I realize what goal I wanted to pursue in life and have ever since worked to assure I attain them. We will write a custom essay sample on Career expectation of a nurse or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page My passion to succeed along with the objectives that I plan to fulfill upon becoming a nurse makes me an ideal candidate to attend Spartan Health Sciences University. My medical career expectations are as followed. Help members of the public in every way I can assist Treat my clients with due respect, be confidential while also being as caring and courteous as possible Strive to achieve the best possible quality of life for their patients, regardless of disease or disability. Use clinical judgment to protect, promote, and optimize health, prevent illness and injury, alleviate suffering, and advocate in health care for individuals, families, communities, and populations. Help clients learn about their health and the health care procedures they need to perform to restore or maintain their health Act as a counselor to develop an improved interpersonal relationship, and to promote personal growth while providing emotional, intellectual, and psychological support. Deciding on what to do with my life is unbelievably difficult. Often I feel like a contestant on Who Wants to Be a Millionaire who is about to answer the much fabled million dollar question. The stakes are high, making the wrong choice could leave me regretting for life. Fortunately, unlike the poor contestants on that show, I have had three years of career counseling  leading me to wanting to follow the nursing career. This making me evens more of a suitable candidate to attend Spartan Health Sciences University. I would like to continue by saying, I wish to be educated for life, not for a single job and Spartan Health Science University is an ideal place to get such an education that would leave me with not one choice, but rather an infinite number of paths that could potentially lead me to a happy, satisfied life in the decades to come.

Tupac Shakur free essay sample

There are few hip hop artists who have had such an immense impact on the music world as Outpace Shaker. The West Coast rapper was born in New York City, and would enter the music business through a guest spot on a Digital Underground track In 1991. From those collaborations, it was a short step to Interstice Records, where he would create another two solo albums before launching into fame and fortune with the group Thug Life. Shakers career would be defined by controversy, legal problems and escalating violence.He was In and out of prison the majority of his time In the spotlight for a variety of charges Including assault and sexual abuse. He also dealt with harsh public reaction to his lyrical content, particularly from the law enforcement community and parents concerned with his aggressive messages that his albums seemed to embody. Even as he achieved fantastic success on the charts, papas life seemed to enter a dangerous spiral that saw the rapper living out the scenarios he described in his songs. We will write a custom essay sample on Tupac Shakur or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page In 1994 while vaulting a recording studio In New York he was shot no less than five times during a robbery that would leave him shaken and lead him to channel his aggression into what would become the most lasting aspect of his legacy ; the East Coast / West Coast hip hop feud. Shaker became convinced that industry heavyweights Sean Puff Daddy Combs and The Notorious B. I. G. Were behind the attack which had put him in the hospital. Once the media was informed of the feud, it was blown up beyond all reason. This rivalry would culminate into one of the bloodiest explosions of rap-related violence in the history of the genre. On September, 13th 1996, OPAC left the MGM Grand in Lass Vegas in the company of Death Row Records owner Segue Knight. Their BMW was ambushed in a drive-by shooting that would fatally wound Shaker. He later died in hospital shortly after the attack. His death would shock fans around the world, and was made worse by the murder of rival, The Notorious B. I. G. , in a revenge killing only a few months later.Outpace Shakers label continued to release a number of albums after his death, sparking rumors that he might have faked the entire incident. While conspiracy theories thrive, in reality OPAC lives on only in the hearts of the millions of people who loved his music, as well as the news reports that narrated his short life and violent times. Work cited East Coast VS.. West Coast. Hip-Hop Homicide -? -? Crime Library on Truth. Com. N. P. , n. D. Web. 08 Par. 2013. Outpace OPAC Shaker Dies From Wounds Suffered In GunshotAttack On This Day. Breaking News for Black America IRS. N. P. , n. D. Web. 08 Par. 2013. Outpace Shaker By Laurence enter the music business through a guest spot on a Digital Underground track in problems and escalating violence. He was in and out of prison the majority of his time in the spotlight for a variety of charges including assault and sexual abuse. He papas life seemed to enter a dangerous spiral that saw the rapper living out the scenarios he described in his songs.

Explaining Deviance essays

Explaining Deviance essays There are two approaches to explaining deviance. The first approach is focusing on the deviant actor alone; it assumes that the majority of actors conform to rules and norms most of the time, so people who break norms and are deviant must be fundamentally different than everyone else. Meaning that there is something wrong with them. These types of theories look for internal factors to explain individual rule breaking. Typically these types of theories are non sociological and are known as kind of people theories. The second approach to explaining deviance focuses more on the rules and the process by which someone comes to be know as being deviant. This approach focuses on how norms are established and how they are enforced. Theories that take this approach look for external factors that explain deviance . They are sociological and known as process theories. I do not exactly remember when I began noticing, but once I did, it was hard to overlook. I guess I was in middle school and I was becoming independent. My parents began to trust me and feel comfortable letting me go and do things on my own, or with friends. I felt that even though my parents were not around there was someone watching me. This was the case wherever I went. I did not have a name for it until high school and its name was age discrimination. I can remember feeling as though I had done something wrong, but the only wrong thing was my presence. I was being treated as deviant just because of my age. I was being placed in a category of deviance, when in reality I was not. ...

10 Examples of Electrical Conductors and Insulators

10 Examples of Electrical Conductors and Insulators Do you need examples of electrical conductors and insulators? Heres a handy list, but first, lets review just what conductors and insulators are. How Electrical Conductors and Insulators Work Electrical conductors are materials that conduct electricity; insulators dont. Why? Whether a substance conducts electricity depends on how easily electrons can move through it. Protons dont move because, while they would carry electrical charge, they are bound to other protons and neutrons in atomic nuclei. Valence electrons are like outer planets orbiting a star. They are attracted enough to stay in position, but it doesnt always take a lot of energy to knock them out of place. Metals readily lose and gain electrons, so they rule the list of conductors. Organic molecules are mostly insulators, in part because they are held together by covalent (shared electron) bonds and also because hydrogen bonding helps stabilize many molecules. Most materials are neither good conductors, nor good insulators. They dont readily conduct, but if enough energy is supplied, the electrons will move. Some materials are insulators in pure form, but will conduct if they are doped with small quantities of another element or if they contain impurities. For example, most ceramics are excellent insulators, but if you dope them, you can get a superconductor. Pure water is an insulator, but dirty water conducts weakly and salt water, with its free-floating ions, conducts well. 10 Electrical Conductors The best electrical conductor, under conditions of ordinary temperature and pressure, is the metallic element silver. Its not always an ideal choice as a material, though, because of its cost and because it tarnishes. The oxide layer known as tarnish is not conductive. Similarly, rust, verdigris, and other oxide layers reduce conductivity. silvergoldcopperaluminummercurysteelironsea waterconcretemercury more conductors: platinumbrassbronzegraphitedirty waterlemon juice 10 Electrical Insulators rubberglasspure wateroilairdiamonddry wooddry cottonplasticasphalt more insulators: fiberglassdry paperporceleinceramicquartz Its worth noting the shape and size of a material affects conductivity. A thick piece of matter will conduct better than a thin piece of the same length. If you take two pieces of a material that are the same thickness, but one is shorter than the other, the shorter one will conduct better. It has less resistance, in much the same way its easier to force water through a short pipe than a long one. Temperature also affects conductivity. As increase temperature, atoms and their electrons gain energy. Some insulators (e.g., glass) are poor conductors when cool, yet good conductors when hot. Most metals are better conductors when cool and poorer conductors when hot. Some good conductors become superconductors at extremely low temperatures. Although electrons flow through a conductive material, they dont damage the atoms or cause wear, like you would get from friction of water in a canyon, for example. Moving electrons do experience resistance or cause friction, however. The flow of electrical current can lead to heating of a conductive material. Do you need more examples? Here is a more comprehensive list that includes thermal conductors and insulators.

Health Implications and Identifying Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Health Implications and Identifying - Essay Example The article stresses the role of the nurses in preventing the health impact on the vulnerable groups. Many victims of human trafficking are at risk of living with mental and physical health problems. The health problems that they experience will not stop as a result of lack of awareness of the health impact of trafficking and the sensitivity of the subject. In order to help save the victims of trafficking it is important for nurses to understand the intricacies of human trafficking and its impact on the victims. Notably, the nurse must strive to uncover hidden signs and symptoms of prospective victims of human trafficking to provide the necessary assistance. This will entail asking them the right questions that will go a long way to revealing their nature of work and further help liberate them from bondage. The journal by Eccleston (2013) presents a case of identifying the victims of human trafficking with an aim of establishing the health impact they face. There is a need to protect the victims of human trafficking from the evident health consequences. Health care workers, such as nurses fail to understand the signs and impact of human trafficking on the health of the victims. Besides, insufficient studies are conducted to establish the health impact of these victims of human trafficking. This is rooted in the sensitivity of the subject. Human trafficking is commonly an abusive process where the victims are forced or abducted fraudulently. The abduction is also through deception or by use of power, drugging and exploitation for numerous purposes, such as prostitution, drug peddling or enslavement/forced labour. The victims of trafficking are physically abused, placed in confinement, threatened or denied access to their travel documents. These victims may be psychologically affected as a result of the denial of basic needs, humiliation,

Psychosocial Effects of Adult ADHD Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Psychosocial Effects of Adult ADHD - Essay Example Oosterlaan, Logan and Sergeant referred to this condition as 'Response Inhibition' in their article, in Cambridge Journals. Earlier it was presumed that it was only a boy's disorder and never affected girls. Recent information has proved otherwise and now the actual ratio of boys: girls is 3:1. Till recently, hyperactive and impulsive behavior had always been considered as part of childhood and not exactly a problem. Also boys are given more attention, because their behavior is more aggressive and caught attention and hence, were treated accordingly. These are connected with poorer performance, less systematic behavior, loss of working memory, lack of focused attention, irritability, restlessness, inability to carry out specific instructions, and lack of concentration in any activity without being distracted. It is considered to be difficult to diagnose the inattentive kind, as behavior does not show it. According to unconfirmed data 4% to 5% of United States citizens have AD/HD related problems. It persists throughout a person's lifetime. Approximately one-half to two-thirds of children do not get completely treated and will continue have the same behavioral problems even as adults that will create tension for them on the job, within the family and in social relationships. It is supposed to be caused mainly by biological factors, said to be the 'influence in neurotransmitter activity' in the brain. Research leads us to believe that this has a definite genetic basis. Research conducted by NIMH using a positron emission tomography scanner to map out the working procedure in the brain has resulted in showing a certain unbroken connection between the ability to hold sustained attention and the activity level in the brain. In this research, the level of glucose used by various areas of brain which could be in control of impulses and quick decisions was carefully measured. Those areas in an affected person showed decreased activity, as a result of consumed lesser level of glucose. "In people with AD/HD, the brain areas that control attention used less glucose, indicating that they were less active. It appears from this research that a lower level of activity in some parts of the brain may cause inattention and other AD/HD symptoms." http://www.add.org/articles/factsheet.html Earlier diagnosis would solve the problem being carried forward into adulthood, but sometimes, this would not happen. This problem could be excessive, long term and exasperating to the person and people around him. Adult AD/HD is considered to be difficult only if it has created problems either at work place or in the social life of individual. If a certain handicap is felt in these areas, perhaps it should be treated clinically. Because the nature and severity of the problem could vary from person to person, it is not very easy to come to a conclusive diagnosis without any stray doubt. Sometimes, it is not rare to come across a family history of the problem. "Adult anxiety disorders have been shown to be familial. The familial patterns are likely due to a combination of genetic and environmental factors, Garfinkel et al

The rate of rReaction Essay Example for Free

The rate of rReaction Essay These results also support my prediction and I believe that the collision theory is quite accurate even though it is only a theory as it gives a very good explanation of what should happen and it has happened in my experiment. I am going to include 0. 25M in my main experiment as I believe that this will give a better range of results and also increase the accuracy of my results. I will keep the amount of time the same as I believe it was the best amount of time to get an accurate reading. I will do my main experiment results to one decimal place as I believe that this will give me the most precise results. When reading the amount of gas in the cylinder I will take any number that is whole e. g. 14 to be 14. 0. To improve my reliability I will repeat each concentration three times as I believe this will give me a reliable average. Results Table Results To Show How Much Gas Is Given Off In 5 Minutes Volume of Gas Collected (cm ) Time in minutes Test Concentration Test Any number highlighted are not counted in the average as I believe that the are either to high, to low or do not fit into the pattern. Result that I believe is causing the results for this time to be inaccurate. ( see level of confidence) I will not include this result in my new average. I have found out that 2M is the best strength of hydrochloric acid to use when you want a fast reaction, as it released the most gas in 5 minutes compared to 0.5M, 1M and 1. 5M. I can make the statement the stronger/higher molar(M) the acid the faster the reaction and the weaker/lower molar(M) the acid the slower the reaction. Conclusion I conclude 2M is the best concentration of acid. You can see this on my graph, my graph shows that 2M is the best concentration of acid out of all the ones that I tested as it had the quickest reaction time compared to all of the other concentrations. You can see this from the graph as 2M has got the steepest slope. I believe that the activation energy (see background information for detailed explanation) has effected my results. I believe that the concentration of the acid makes it easier for the particles to react. But what does this have to do with the activation energy? Each molecule has a certain amount of energy and for the molecule to react it must collide with another molecule. It must also generate more energy that it already has. In a low concentrated solution, there are less molecules so it hard for a molecule to find other molecules to collide with, but in a high concentrated solution collisions are more frequent and even if the molecule does not collide with enough energy to react it will soon hit another molecule and have a high possibility of reacting. I predicted that the 2. 0 molar acid would have the quickest reaction time and the 0. 25 molar would have the slowest reaction time I also said that the other concentrations would go in order of their concentrations, the higher the concentration the more gas there will be released and the lower the concentration the less gas there will be released. I believe my predictions were accurate as I based them on the collision theory and even though it is a theory I believe it is an accurate theory and explains what is believed to happen when reactions take place very well. 0. 5M and 1M start off wrong in my opinion as until 3 minutes 0. 5M had released more gas where as I believe according to the collision theory 1M should have released more gas and reacted faster, but in the end 1M released more gas. This also happened in the first 30 seconds of the 0. 25M where it also released more gas than the 1M. This leads me to believe that the 1M may have been the wrong concentration. It is because of this reason I am going to work out the confidence levels for my results. I will take 0 as 100% accurate and 100 as 0% accurate. Level Of Confidence I am going to work out the inaccuracy of my results I will do this by doing the sum Range multiplied by 100= level of inaccuracy Average I have chosen to do the inaccuracy of time   as I believe that I can get a good reading of how inaccurate my results are by doing a selected number of times. Time Concentration Range of gas Average Amount of Times Equals (minutes) of acid(M) released(cm ) gas released(cm ). I am going to look at   my results table and 1 Level of confidence for sum that I believed was inaccurate I have now changed the range of the gas released at 4. 5 minutes.   This inaccuracy level is a lot lower than the other one. This means that that volume of gas released was to low, many things could have caused this . e. g. the temperature of the room could have been lower than when I did the other two experiments. Evaluation I believe my results are quite accurate and would be considered reliable as non of my results have a high inaccuracy level or have a 50% chance of being wrong. I have highlighted the results that I believe are wrong on my results table and have not included them in my averages. On my graph my points go up in curves or in some sort of curve. I have joined all of the point on my graph together but on some of my curves I have done a curve of best fit, I have done this because it will show me if any results are slightly wrong. If you look at the green curve for 0. 5M you will see that the points at 2 and 2. 5 minutes look slightly to high, the curve of best fit shows where the points should have been. The trend I see from the graph is that the higher the concentration of the hydrochloric acid the steeper the slop of the graph is. I believe that the way in which I carried out my experiment was good as I followed my method exactly. To improve the accuracy of my method I could have said I would use a bulb pipette or a graduate pipette as these are more accurate than a measuring cylinder, I could make sure that the marble chips all have the same surface area because the marble chips with the bigger surface areas could have reacted more than the marble chips with the smaller surface areas. I could have also make sure that the room was the same temperature for each experiment because if the room was hot for one experiment and cold for another then the results would be inaccurate as the molecules would have been moving and reacting at different speeds. The results I have support my conclusion and my prediction, as what I predicted would happen did happen. The order of the concentrations for the most gas released in 5 minutes was also accurate, as it was in the order that I predicted. To extend my investigation I could test if the temperature had any effect on the amount of gas released, I believe this would provide me with the relevant information about what the optimum temperature is for a reaction to take place. I could then test the optimum concentration and the optimum temperature together and see how much gas is released in 5 minutes and compare it to the separate results of the concentration and temperature. Show preview only The above preview is unformatted text This student written piece of work is one of many that can be found in our GCSE Patterns of Behaviour section.

Moving and Literature :: Moving Immigration Essays

Moving and Literature Since I was six, my mother, sister and I have been moving to different places. Whether these were permanent moves or not, they have impacted me. The first of all moves was to an entirely different country, from Peru to U.S.A. I left my extended family, friends and surroundings behind for an unknown place. Although it was a dramatic change for me, I realize now how much that first change has influenced me in many ways. It has changed the way I view myself, and the way I tackle new experiences. A famous man once said, â€Å"America is my country, but Paris is my hometown.† I believe he too shared my feelings, that one can love two places equally yet differently without being partial to either one of them. When I compare all the places I have ever been to, I find that each one has left a unique trace in me. I do not find any one superior although they all stand out in their own way. Richard Ford, author of I Must Be Going, offers a different view to this argument: â€Å"It may simply and finally be the way most people feel when they are settled is the way I feel when I move: safe and in possession of myself†(111). Ford explains to the reader that the way he lives his life, frequently changing locations, is what his life is all about. The restrictions of having to stay in one place for the rest of his life is a frightening thought. Ford presents a good point; he believes that home is literally where the heart is. He feels at home when he is in the company of his family, not when he is in familiar four walls, like many do. I do not believe in Ford’s nomadic lifestyle; I like staying in one place, but I want to visit others and travel as often as possible.

My Favorite Player Essay

I have been an ardent admirer of a number of past and present athletes and sportsmen each of whom have won accolades for his outstanding skill in and grasp on a particular sport. They include renowned personalities from India and abroad who have outshone themselves in games and sports like boxing, diving, swimming, weightlifting, archery, badminton, cricket, hockey, tennis etc. Among the sportsmen who have impressed me a lot at one time or the other, the main names are of Mohammad Ali (Cassius Clay), Jaysuriya, Imran Khan, Nawab Pataudi, Sunl Gavaskar, Kapil Dev, Sachin Tendulkar, Prakash Padukone, Gopi Chand, P.T. Usha, Jaspal Rana, Capriati and Milkha Singh, also known as the Flying Singh. But the brightest star in the galaxy of all these famous names is Sachin Tendulkar, a present-day craze amongst the cricket lovers all over the world. He is an astonishing wizard of this highly popular game and has already got his name recorded amongst the four leading names of top batsmen. They are Sir Vivian Richards, Garfield Sobers, Graemen Pollock and, of course, Tendulkar. While on the field, he seems to be possessed by the All Powerful. Owing to his form, unusual game and great capacity to outmaneuver his opponents, his friends admire him in reverence; his rivals lose their guts and stamina at his sight; youngsters adore him and the elderly shower their blessings on him. Leaving his past record-breaking performances aside, we can mention his latest surprises at Centurion in South Africa for assuring his team the entry into the Super Six in the World Cup. With 98 off 75 at a terrific speed, he put India through to the Super Six and Pakistan out of the World Cup. The same day, he completed 12,000 runs in ODIs and became the first to make 1500 runs in the history of the World Cup. The Master Blaster tamed Akhtar in less than two over and left everyone speechless with his stunning assault. The happiest crowning moment in Sachin’s career was witnessed in Johannesburg, South Africa, on Sunday, March 23, 2003. It was the closing day of World Cup Jamboree, where the Master Blaster was given the prestigious the man of the tournament award. He had scored 673 runs at an average of 61.18 in the tournament, a new record aggregate, with one century and six 50s. Dr. Ali Bacher, Executive director of CWC 2003, had correctly remarked, â€Å"We wanted this to be the Best World Cup ever, and Sachin’s brilliant batting has helped the tournament captivate many millions of people around the cricketing world.† Sachin is a rare gem for his innumerable fans all over the world. He is one of the youngest players, is exceptionally smart and agile, is quick in his response and has unusual physical talents. He has outstanding balance, is highly competitive, has rare speed and is gifted with exceptional temperament. He has the desire to be the best and has unmatchable mental ability. He plays well against quality, pace and spins. His clashes with Shane Warne in Australia have provided some excellent theatre. His record in the past games is just superb which makes him a true champion in the world of cricket in the real sense.

Intercultural communication with the peterson family Essay

After a year of living with my brother, I moved in to live with the Peterson family in Montclair, California. Jason Peterson was a physics professor at the University of California at Berkeley while Mary Peterson was a schoolteacher. Living with the Peterson family made me grapple with the difference between American and Afghan culture. The American way of expressing affection in public and open intimate relationships at first shocked me. Afghans are very personal and private when it comes to displays of affection. Kissing your wife or girlfriend in front of others would be a serious breach of manners. The expression of affection between Jason and Mary when one of them arrived from work used to make me uncomfortable but I eventually got used to it. I still find it truly paradoxical that while Americans openly display affections, the value they accord to privacy and personal space is very high. I could not comprehend why they value privacy when in fact they could not keep intimate shows of affection in private. At first, I would often innocently intrude into the room of Jason to ask something. Or, when he was deep in thought in the living room wrestling with what looked like a work-related task, I would tactlessly start a conversation with him. In situations like those, his reaction would be one of initial shock. Sensing that my act was prompted by my desire to express belonging with the Peterson family, Jason would break into a knowing smile. I knew he could feel my embarrassment, as I did with his own embarrassment for his initial show of displeasure. Becoming aware of the discomfort I caused in those situations, I eventually resolved to keep my distance in those situations and to respect privacy according to American standards. Like most Americans, Mr. Peterson was direct and to the point when discussing matters with his wife. With me, however, he chose to make me learn American social norms through his reaction to what I did or what I was doing. I took cues from his reaction and I was certain that he simply did not want me to feel ashamed of my actuations. After a month, we got to sit down together from time to time. He started asking me about Afghanistan. Being given the chance to share with him the life and cultural practices in Afghanistan seemed to unburden me. Through our conversations, he began to understand me in a different light and I am grateful that those conversations did happen. I also began to understand and accept American culture for what it is. At first, whenever I encountered a seemingly weird American custom from the Afghan viewpoint, I would automatically and mentally scrounge for a similar custom of Afghanistan and attempt to compare them. I eventually realized that this automatic evaluation of American culture that I usually do as some sort of a reflex action is a contributory factor to my resistance to some aspects of American culture and may perhaps even be a hindrance to my assimilation of the host culture. Even if I was close to Mr. Peterson on account of our â€Å"cultural conversations,† I maintained physical and emotional distance from Mrs. Peterson. In hindsight, I also realize that such aloofness on my part did not spring from the fact I did not like her. In fact she was such a very gracious and accommodating lady that sometimes her concern embarrassed me. I still unconsciously carried with me the Afghan notion that another man’s wife or female children are off limits to others. Afghan strictures relating to the marriage bond are much more demanding than those of Americans. Perhaps I was apprehensive that Mr. Peterson would look at my attempts to communicate with his wife from an Afghan standpoint. In this case, I was on the losing end. I could have had a more profound communication level with Mrs. Peterson as I had with her husband if only I did not have such an apprehension at the back of my mind. The American concept of personal space was something that I could not comprehend at all. For Afghans, one’s family extended to almost all relatives unlike the very exclusive nuclear family of Americans. This extends to the use of gadgets and other household items. When my Afghan friends came to visit me in the residence of the Peterson family, some of my Afghan friends unconsciously behaved as though the family that I was with was Afghan. They engaged in horseplay and laughed boisterously which did not sit well with the Petersons, using their reaction as basis. I cautioned my friends who, to my relief, took my admonition seriously. When they all became very quiet on account of my warning, the atmosphere became unbearably silent. The Peterson couple sensed the sudden change of mood and in their embarrassment took pains to make me and my friends feel welcome. Such an event would not have happened if my friends and I had been conscious of the fact that the American concept of family and belonging did not extend to friends and relatives, the way the Afghan concept does.

Pain Hurts More When It Feels Meaningless †Philosophy Essay

Pain Hurts More When It Feels Meaningless – Philosophy Essay Free Online Research Papers Pain Hurts More When It Feels Meaningless Philosophy Essay â€Å"All life involves suffering,† the First Noble Truth of Buddhism. Can anyone in this world deny that they’ve suffered? I can’t. Everyone suffers but it is how we deal with our suffering that makes the difference. Sometimes bad things happen in our lives and most of the time â€Å"for no reason (Job 8).† I find it hard to believe in a good and powerful â€Å"God† that would allow bad things to happen to the good, and especially for no reason. â€Å"†¦God has tricked me, and lured me into his trap. I call but there is no answer; I cry out, and where is justice (Job 48)?† If there is a God I don’t think he is either good or all powerful. For me it is easier to think of there being something else in the world that is more powerful than God, or that there just isn’t a God, than to believe in a God that would let young children be rapped and killed, allow slavery, or let there be a world in which some people live in castles and others die of starvation. â€Å"You said, ‘Suffer little children to come unto me, and harm them not.’ You let them go wanting, sit on road shoulders, crying next to their dead mothers. I’ve seen them charred, lame, halt. You forgot, Lord. You forgot how and when to be God (TM 181).† How can a good God allow this to happen? In The Bluest Eye Pecola, being an eleven year old girl with few friends, and not a very loving home, was rapped by her father. Why? Would a good and all powerful God allow this to happen? I don’t think so, I think it is easier to believe in a God who isn’t good, than to believe in a God that would allow this to happen. Kushner asks us, â€Å"Can suffering be educational (Kush 19)?† I suppose in a way it could be, but what did Pecola have to learn? What did Kushner’s own son, dying so young, have to learn? Or is the suffering so those around them can learn something? And is it even possible to justify a young child being rapped or dying so others can learn something? I can’t believe in a God that would allow that to happen. I learn that our children need to be protected, to be loved, but is that lesson worth all the pain? â€Å"I’d rather suffer every unspeakable suffering God sends, knowing that it was I that suffered, I that earned the need to suffer (JB 123).† J.B. would suffer everything God wanted him to suffer if he just knew that he deserved to suffer, that he did something to cause the suffering. But he wouldn’t want someone else, like a young child, to suffer because of him, or for him to learn from it. I feel the same way. If I did something to deserve the suffering then so be it, but don’t let a young child suffer on my behalf when they are so innocent. There is a song by the band Good Charlotte, and some of the lyrics go; â€Å"But we all bleed the same way as you do. And we all have the same things to go through. Hold on if you feel like letting go. Hold on it gets better than you know. Don’t stop looking, you’re one step closer. Don’t stop searching, it’s not over.† It always makes me think about how we all suffer, there is no one who doesn’t, we need support of others to remind us that we can hold on, that one day it won’t hurt so much, and we don’t suffer alone. But we need to keep searching for what it is that is making us hurt so we can face it and maybe relieve it. I think this relates a lot to what Thich Nhat Hanh tells us about the Buddha. â€Å"We must, first of all, recognize that we are suffering and then determine whether its basis is physical, physiological, or psychological. Our suffering needs to be identified (TNH 29).† â€Å"Do we need to name our sins to know the need to be forgiven (JB 125)?† Do we need to know the reason for our suffering in order to eliminate it? To be able to deal with our suffering, we have to identify our suffering, know why in order to get it out of our hearts and lives. In The Book of Job there is a quote that has always stuck with me, â€Å"Can’t he tell right from wrong or keep his accounts in order (Job 73)?† This fits so well with When Bad Things Happen to Good People. Can God not keep track of who in this world is good and should be taken care of, and those that are bad and should be punished? â€Å"†¦because God is a righteous judge who gives them exactly what they deserve (Kush 9).† But did Pecola deserve to be rapped? Did Rabbi Kushner’s son deserve to die at such a young age? Did Lupe, in One Day of Life, deserve to have her family killed because they were fighting for their rights? What could a young, innocent, child do to deserve such a terrible incident, and death? When people are fighting to be free, to live with equal rights, do they deserve to be killed? These are questions I ask myself almost every day, and I can’t answer them. Not without contradicting everything I have ever been taught about God. That God is all powerful, that God is good and just. But if God is good and loving then why do the good suffer? And if God is all powerful, than why do he allow the good suffer? If there is free will in our lives and God doesn’t want to change that then is he really good if he would let his children suffer? If he is all powerful than is he a good God if he chooses not to stop the suffering? â€Å"God has a pattern into which all of our lives fit. His pattern requires that some lives be twisted, knotted, or cut short, while others extend to impressive lengths, not because one thread is more deserving than another, but simply because the pattern requires it (Kush 18).† But this pattern still wouldn’t work, because if God was good then why would he create a pattern in which people suffered for no reason? Ever since I was really able to think for myself I have struggled with so many of these questions. Even know I still can’t really answer them. â€Å"I heard upon his dry dung heap that man cry out who cannot sleep: ‘If God is God he is not good, if God is good he is not God (JB 11).† How can you get more specific than this? It is perfect in explaining God. If he is God than he is not good if he allows all the suffering to occur and if he is good he’s not God, not all powerful, if he can’t stop the suffering. â€Å"Thinking is the speech of our mind. Right Thinking makes our speech clear and beneficial. Because thinking often leads to action, Right Thinking is needed to take us down the path of Right Action (TNH 59).† In order to deal with the suffering around us we need to have the right thoughts about it to be able to act and deal with the suffering in our lives. There is a story about a family with a young boy, who had to have there sick dog put to sleep. They decided to have their son present with them when the dog was put down. Afraid he would be sad and not understand they asked him how he felt about his dog dying. He responded, â€Å"God put people on earth to learn how to love, be kind, and treat people good. Dogs already know how to do this so they don’t have to live as long.† Thich Nhat Hanh tells us, â€Å"When you practice Right View and Right Thinking, you dwell deeply in the present moment, where you can touch seeds of joy, peace, and liberation, heal and transform your suffering, and be truly present for many others (TNH 63).† I think this story fits great with Thich Nhat Hanh in that if you can get past all the suffering than there is joy, peace, happiness, and love in our lives. We can realize that if we think rightly and we can be happy, even if there has been suffering. J.B. says it, â€Å"We have no choice but to be guilty. God is unthinkable if we are innocent (JB 111).† For me God is unthinkable, how can I believe in a God that would allow good, innocent people to suffer? To deal with the suffering in my life I now believe that if there is a God he isn’t all powerful, and that he isn’t good. He is a God that created man, created this world, and just lets us be. Watching from afar, almost like a movie. In the end we are not judge upon our beliefs and understandings, but on how we deal with the problems and suffering in our lives, and how we choose to live. If we can realize that ALL life involves suffering, and find a way to deal with it to help ourselves and others than we have succeeded in life. I have a quote from class, and I don’t remember where it is from but it is, â€Å"the meaning doesn’t lie in the event itself but in our response to it.† How we respond and deal with our suffering is wha t matters, not the events that caused our suffering. â€Å"Pain hurts more when it feels meaningless.† What this class is all about. I don’t know if I could ever think that people suffer for a reason, that there is meaning to anyone’s suffering; that someone deserves to suffer. Is it possible to do something so evil when you are eleven that you deserve to be rapped by your father? Is it possible to have done something so evil, even before you are born, to deserve being born with a terrible disease? What is the possible meaning to this suffering? What good could possibly come out of this for them that would cause them to stop suffering? What meaning is there to find out of being rapped by your father? Pain is pain; it is going to hurt. I don’t think it is always possible to find meaning in our suffering. Life is full of pain and suffering. That is just the way it is. To believe in a God that is good and all powerful isn’t possible. If he was good he wouldn’t allow all the suffering in to world for no reason. If he was all powerful he should stop the suffering. God is an unthinkable God because he is not all powerful and isn’t good. There is suffering in the world because others cause our suffering, but instead of increasing the suffering in the world we need to try and eliminate ours by realizing that pain is a fact of life, there is no changing it. 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Behaviour Modification and Cognitive Processes of Learning

Behaviour Modification and Cognitive Processes of Learning Pillay Sheryl Amanda Ballen    I will be discussing some important procedures which enable learning. Each and every human being learns any kind of behavior during their life span. There is no human being on earth who does not undergo the process of learning. There are various learning methods through which we obtain beliefs, approaches and skills (Skinner, 1971, cited in Ryckman,2013, p. 361) Here we shall discuss the principles of learning and their uses in daily life. I would like to also demonstrate how behavior modification compares with cognitive processes of learning. Learning What we mean when we say the word â€Å"learning†, we normally mean â€Å"thinking using the brain†. These concepts of learning are the central perspective in the Cognitive Learning Theory (CLT). Mental processes can be explained, as they are predisposed by both internal and external factors, which gradually bring about learning. Cognitive Learning Theory suggests that the differen t procedures regarding learning can be described by examining the mental processes first. It suggests that with actual cognitive processes, learning is simpler and new material can be placed in the memory for a long time. However, ineffective cognitive processes affect learning complications which can be seen in a person. Social Cognitive Theory (SLT) There are three variables in social cognitive theory, which are interconnected with each other, for learning to happen, which consist of: Personal factors Environmental factors Behavior factors An individual’s environmental interaction, beliefs, ideas and mental skills are influenced by outside factors such as a caring or uncaring parent, disturbing or healthy environment or a very hot or humid climate. The mental process in a person is affected by his behavior, and environmental interaction, which can also alter the way he thinks. One’s behavior can disturb and change the environment in which he or she lives in. Basic co ncepts of social learning are: Observational Learning Is a form of learning from other people, by means of observing their behavior in an effective way in order to gain knowledge and change behavior. Reproduction Is the method wherein there is a goal to successfully escalate the repeating of a behavior by means of changing the environment to a safer and more comfortable on , within reachable proximate, and to encourage him to remember the new information and behavior learned and to exercise them. Self-efficacy Is the way a person uses the newly learnt knowledge or behavior which he has learnt. Emotional coping is a good coping devices used against demanding environments and negative personal appearances can lead to operational learning, especially in adults Self – regulatory capability is the capability to regulator the behavior even within a negative environment. Classical and operant conditioning are two vital perceptions significant to behavioral psychology. Whil e both result in learning, the procedure is quite different. To understand how each of these behavior modification methods can be used, it is also important to understand how classic conditioning and operant conditioning differ from one another. Classic Conditioning Was developed by the Russian scientist Ivan Pavlov, classic conditioning is the first type of learning wherein an organism responds to an environmental stimulus. Pavlov (1927) observed that in classic conditioning, the stimulus (S) triggers the response (R) of an organism. Within the exposure of the organism to the stimulus, reflex(Hermans et.al., 2006, cited in Weiten, 2014, p. 232).

Organization Behaviour Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Organization Behaviour - Research Paper Example Correspondingly, studies have revealed that various factors are associated with the theory of OB, which makes it a multidimensional approach to contemporary management, constituting the perceptions of job satisfaction, organizational commitment and job attitudes among others. Among its various dimensions, this research paper will mainly discuss the topic of job attitudes with the focus on investigating the level of both job satisfaction and organizational commitment within a specific business organization, i.e. Kaiser Permanente Northwest. Notably, it is the employees involved in the operational process of any business organization, responsible for the determination of organizational culture. Hence, job attitude amid employees, determined by their job satisfaction degree, can be apparently observed as a crucial facet to enhance their organizational commitment and subsequently, outline the organizational culture (Saari and Judge 396-407). With this concern, the research paper intends to conduct an OB audit of an American healthcare organization, i.e. Kaiser Permanente Northwest. The outline of this research paper has accordingly been structured with a brief overview of this healthcare organization, followed by the analysis of data gathered, to conclude the findings as well as the results obtained from the interviewees. Subsequently, certain recommendations, based on the analysis about how the healthcare organization might address its weaknesses or deficiencies, with respect to the above stated topic and a solid conclusion have also been incorporated in the outline. Kaiser Permanente (KP) is a health care company and America’s leader in formulating effective nonprofit health plans. Established in the year 1945, KP was created to help provide Americans medical care during the situations of Great Depression as well as World War II when health care was unaffordable. As of December 31, 2013, KP has a network of 38 hospitals, approximately 190,000

G.Handel Oratorios Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

G.Handel Oratorios - Term Paper Example Hereditary is portrayed by Belshazzar as a failure in today’s world. Democracy should be embraced and people should elect leaders of their choice. People should not ascend in to power because they are fond in the royal family line. Belshazzar was king on the night Babylonian kingdom fell. The Persians came and conquered, and He was killed on the same night. The character had sat on the throne for two years. Poor leadership among governments leads to blood shed. People want to ascend to power using the wrong formula. This is made to protect their interest, without considering the needs of the people. Therefore, such governments fail in economic growth, rule of law, social justice, and democracy among many others Nitocris as a queen has been identified as a dominant ruler as female character. . It is suggested that this should be Belshazzar’s mother. The power of a woman in royal kingdoms is shown through this character. She sang a song which had a crushing effect on Belshazzar (Lang 435). However, their evils actions become a thorn in their own flesh. The king ordered that no one should be allowed to enter the place. With that order to the door keepers, the king himself became ill and left the place. By his own order he was killed by Cyrus and

Quantum Oscillator Problem Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Quantum Oscillator Problem - Assignment Example Figure 6.11 shows a plot of the 10th excited state probability density, |ψ10|2. Mathematica has the Hermite polynomials built-in. The quantum oscillator wave functions are given in equation 6.57; these wave functions are not normalized. The ÃŽ ± in these equations is ð â€˜Å¡ ð Å"”â„ (HW Problem 6.36 and in-class work). The argument of the Hermite polynomials in equation 6.57 is listed as â€Å"x† but you will want to use ð â€˜ ¢ = √ð â€º ¼Ã° â€˜ ¥ as the argument when you are actually write down or program the Hermite polynomials. (a) Write down the (un-normalized) wave function for the 10th excited state; you can write it in terms of ÃŽ ±. Also write down the energy for this state (write this energy in terms â„  and ω)? This type of which energy act on the energy eigenstates of the harmonic oscillator potential producing a un-normalized state of higher or lower energy. a ± =1/√2m(~/i∂/∂x  ± imωx) A=- â„ ^2 d^2/ 2mr^2d (b) Plot ψ10 and |ψ10|2(use u rather than x for your independent variable); your |ψ10|2 plot should look like Figure 6.11. (c) Normalize ψ10 (use u); Normalization the stationary wave functions are r a 1 2 2 ψn (x) = 2n√π n! Hn (ax) e− a x 2 .The diodes are available in the normalized E24  ±1 % (BZX84-A),  ±2 % (BZX84-B) and approximately  ±5 % (BZX84-C) tolerance range. The series includes 37 breakdown voltages with nominal working voltages from 2.4Vto75 V. (d) Find the probability that the electron is in the region −0.5 ≠¤ √ð â€º ¼Ã° â€˜ ¥ ≠¤ 0.5. Use 3 significant figures for these numerical answers. (e) What is âÅ' ©Ã° â€º ¼Ã° â€˜ ¥2âÅ' ª for this excited state?

Company and market analysis of Nokia

Company and market analysis of Nokia Nokia Corporation has been known well as the worlds No.1 manufacturer of mobile phones. The head-quarter of Nokia Corporation is located in Finland and it is quite active in electronic industry. It is organized well by some key executives. Olli-Pekka Kallasvuo is the current president and CEO of the company. Timo Ihamuotila is the CFO. Mary T.Mcdowell is Executive VP. Isabel Marey-Semper and Keijo Suila are the directors. Dame Majorie Scardino is the director and vice chairman as well. According to Nokia official website (2010), the company is under function by an amount of 123553 employees at the end of 2009.In 2009, Nokias net sales were 41.0 billion, with a reported operating profit of EUR 1.2 billion. Nokias products are so famous and can even complete with the worlds other top rank mobile manufacturers such as Motorola, Sony Ericsson and Samsung. Now Nokia is nearly reach the peak of the cell phone market. It is divided into four major segments which are Devices, Services, market and solutions, and NAVTEQ. Nokia also has a partnership with Munich-based Siemens. The combination of their intelligence in the industry has build up Nokia Siemens Networks and makes them become No.3 player in the wireless networking equipment market and on top of it are Ericsson and Arcatel-Lucent. 2. Company Overview 2.1 History Nokia Corporation is the worlds leading manufacturer of mobile phones, with a worldwide share of 27 percent, surpassing the runner up, Ericsson. Ericsson has a worldwide share of 17 percent. The net sale generated by Nokia Mobile Phone business group is about two-third of their total sales. Nokia Mobile Phone business group is also doing Nokia Networks, which has 30 percent of the net sales. Nokia Networks is the global supplier of infrastructure for mobile, fixed, broadband, and Internet Protocol (IP) networks. Nokia Corporation has generated more than half of its sales in Europe, a quarter in Americas, and 22 percent in Asia-Pacific. The company has been in business for 135 years and has evolved from a concentration in pulp, paper, and other basic industries which focuses on telecommunication. Most importantly, Nokia Corporation focuses on the revolution of telecommunication in the mid-1990 and beyond. Nokia has now become one of telecommunications most profitable companies. From 1988 to 1993, Nokia consumer electronic business was unable to find buyers and nearly lost US$1 billion, which cause Ollila to cut 45 percent of the workforce, shuttered plants, and centralized operations. Ollila has been successfully by bringing innovative products into the market. This gave Nokia an advantage over cell phone research and development with the Acquisition of the United Kingdom Technophone Ltd. The company started selling the cell phone for US$57 million. Ollilas occupation has brought Nokia success and global recognition. The sale of the company doubled from 15.5 billion in 1991 to 36.8 billion in 1995. The outcome rebounded from a net loss of 723 million in 1992 to 2.2 million profit in 1995.Nokias capitalization multiplied ten times from 1991 to 1994. In the late 1995, Nokia suf fered a temporary setback due to the shortage of chips for its cell phone. The production cost has gone up and lost most of the profit. With this, Nokia was slightly ahead of the market, particularly in North America. Not long after the incident, a rivalry, called Motorola, appeared with greater quantity of phones but sadly their sales and technology was very slow. Due to that situation, Nokia rise to the top position. In 1997, the 6100 series was introduced and became popular because of its small size. Soon after that, the 6100 series went worldwide and sold nearly 41 million phones in 1998. Besides that, Nokia has begun pursuing aggressively on the mobile internet sector. They have produced Nokia 9000Communicator, which is only for business use, as well as surfing the internet. Nokia 8110 mobile phone can also surf the internet. In the end of 1990s, Nokia has already ascended to the top position of the wireless world. This trend has continued into the 21st century and has increased the production of new cell phones with wireless and internet technology. Nokia has now become a formidable competitor to other phone company. Nevertheless, Nokia spend US$2 billion a year on research and development and to continue to produce new innovative products which concentrates on various standards. . 2.2 Nokias Product Nokia came out with mobile and slowly developed from a big bulky phone into a smaller compatible hand phone. Just like what we know, the Nokia brand produce the mobile phone for people to have an easier life. In 1982, Nokia have its 1st phone on market that is Mobira Senator. In 2007, The 1st N series phone with Xenon flash have been produced, N82. As time goes by, Nokia changes by not using antenna, and by attaching camera to its specifications. Nokia has come out with an application call the OVI services this can help Nokia users to connect to the internet via your hand phone to ease the users from having the trouble of driving or finding an operation centre. Beside that, Nokia also provide the service such as the Come with Music, My Nokia and Nokia Messaging. Below in the picture you can see that Nokia hand phones are fully developed. Nokia has simplified their product into different categories. This category has been divided into series such as C, X, E, N, and S. C stands for voice-centric handsets. X stands for entertainment. E stands for business focused. N stands for high-end. S stands for limited editions. Nokia implants different functions on different series of its product in order to make its product line clear to make sure the customers can purchase its products with the functions they needed. Nokia N900 is one of the specific products among Nokia products. It is also the current best Nokia phone. It has slide sliding QWERTY keyboard design which can hardly be found on other Nokia product. It has all the essential functions implanted inside thus having other high technological functions as well such as WLAN, accelerometer and proximity sensor, high pixel camera with auto focus, and Maemo 5 operation system which makes it powerful enough as a mini computer in the mobile world. 2.2.1 Nokia latest Product The picture above is Nokia N90. Nokia N900 is the current best phone among Nokia products. It has obtained all the necessary function for a mobile phone yet it obtained other superior function as well. It has a 3.5 inches screen with accelerometer sensor. It has a full QWERTY keyboard too. Unlike other normal phone, it has included 32GB internal memory which is the largest capacity for the mean time. It also obtains a 5 megapixel camera branded by Carl Zeiss optics. All of these make it become an unbeatable opponent in mobile market but these are not the main focus on Nokia N900. The highlight of this phone is its superior performance of its function. It has included one and only operation system in the current cell phone market which is Maemo 5. With the support of this operation system, it has been called as mini laptop because its function can even complete with a laptop. 2.3 Nokia Sales Table 1- The market sales in year 2009 and 2010 Source: Gartner The Table 1 shows the Worldwide Mobile Device Sales to End Users in 2009 and 2010. As we can see from the table above, Nokia is the one with highest market share among other company. Nokia Corporation is doing well in their business. Nokia are one of the famous and popular Companies to everyone. The total sale units show in 2009, 286,122.3 and the units that Nokia sold in 2009 are 105,413.4 which are 36.8% of the market share at that time. For this year 2010, total sales in market of all the company is 325,556.8 and Nokia total units sales are 111,473.8 which are much more than previous year but the market share decrease. Form this we can know that there are more users need mobile phone. Although that market share of Nokia decrease in year 2010 but it still stay on the top 1.Nokia can stay on the top of sales in their product , this can show how Nokia did well in satisfy the customer needs and wants. After Nokia, Samsung is the one on the second place. It has 19.3% of market sharing in 2009 and 20.1% in 2010. Samsung will become the most effective competitor if this situation continues. Other than Samsung, there have more Nokias competitors; there are LG, Research in Motion, Sony Ericsson, Motorola, Apple, HTC, ZTE, GFive, and other so on. 2.4 Competitor Direct Competitor Comparison NOK ERIC MOT PVT1 Industry Market Cap: 36.94B 33.72B 19.56B N/A 54.73M Employees: 129,746 87,413 53,000 N/A 372.00 Qtrly Rev Growth : 0.90% -8.00% -1.50% N/A 10.20% Revenue: 53.68B 27.96B 21.63B 95.89B1 138.63M Gross Margin : 32.51% 37.16% 35.47% N/A 40.35% Operating Margin : 6.92% 11.12% 5.23% N/A 6.96% Net Income : 1.25B 603.23M 385.00M 4.37B1 N/A EPS : 0.34 0.19 0.17 N/A 0.06 P/E : 29.55 56.42 50.79 N/A 14.65 PEG (5 yr expected): N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A P/S : 0.69 1.21 0.90 N/A 0.72 Table 2- Direct Competitor Comparison ERIC = LM Ericsson Telephone Co. MOT = Motorola Inc. Pvt1 = Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd. Industry = Communication Equipment Source: HOOVERS As you can see in the table above, Nokia has the highest in Market Capital with 36.94 billion compared with Ericsson, Motorola, and Samsung. It is clearly shown that Nokia is the highest so far, as profitable as it seems the number of employees also exceeds the expectation of that company. With 129,746 employees Nokia seems to be making quite a profitable income and with more employees comes greater expectation of a company. Though some handsets value as more than fashion accessories, it has come too succumbed that it still fuels the market growth. The Three Top Nokia Competitors consist of LM Ericsson which is located at Stockholm, Sweden, Motorola Inc located at Schaumburg, IL and Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd at Seoul, South Korea is very competitive about finding customers. To boost sales, Nokia will have to come up with a way of finding what specification suits the needs of the customers. Nokia will have to go all out to find and battle other competition in order to gain attention and attraction. Nokia competitive advantage would be mobility workforce of the company and with this advantage comes increase market share and revenue growth. Choosing what is necessary is essential in building a company and brand name, without this Nokia is bound to be doom. Next is the LM Ericsson telecommunications, is placed second in the table above due to lack of network equipment supplier. Most probably, LM Ericsson is placed second because of lack of resources and employees. Without the proper tools LM Ericsson is lead to believe that Noki a is a formidable opponent. Compared to Motorola, LM Ericsson is very much ahead of them, the gross margin of LM Ericsson is higher by 1.69% compared to Motorola and 4.65% to Nokia. This makes LM Ericsson the lead in gross margin. Seeing that Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd is not benefitting this is due to lack of planning. They are operating in a Market that is dominated by companies which are better. Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd has the highest net income and revenue compared to Nokia, Motorola, and Ericsson. Nokia can be expanded through advertising and on websites. A comparison shows that Nokia is still the leading handset company up to date. With Quarterly Revenue Growth of 0.90% Nokia is bound to soar in markets. Technology like Nokia nowadays can help users to interact smoothly with each other. Not to mention, Nokia has come up with plans to increased sales by putting software and different technology into handsets. Now from a simple touch of a button users can locate when and where they want to go. Conclusion, with flexibility and improved productivity Nokia will have a competitive advantage in markets. 2.5 Nokias Aim and Goal According to Nokia Webpage (2010), the aim of Nokia Company is providing innovative, high quality products and services which help people connect with each other. They want their product to be used at every kind of people which include people have problem to use the normal hand phone. Nokia has been studying environmental aspects of design for more than 10years and they are working to continuously improve the sustainability of all their products and services. They are making their products for people easier to live sustainable lifestyle. 3. Situation of Nokia Company Nokia Company Nokia, as a one of the worlds largest telecommunications equipment manufactorersIn telecommunication industry, nokia brand are famous and become a leading brand being in markets and business that has expanded greatly in every area to fulfill the customers needs. Nokia produces mobile and other telecomunications equiqment for applications even for every main market and protocal which also include the GSM, CDMA ans WCDMA. Strength According to the Nokia, the strength of Nokia Company is the strong brand name they have. Nokia release their products with more advantages than other because of the strong name brand that acceptable, reliable and trustable for customers. Nokia also have a wide network of promotion and selling their product which make Nokia stronger than the other telecommunication company. Nokia Company has the group such as high quality and professional teams in the Human Resource Development Department which make the Nokia Company have a strong backed. Nokias product are user friendly and contain all the accessories satisfy their customer, this is one of the reason that make Nokia become No.1 selling mobile phones in the world. Their products are also affordable for all class of people. Weakness Nokia Company is a successful company on the world but it still has some weakness. The weakness like the products price that offered by the company. Although most of their products are high quality and user friendly but the price is not. Some of the Nokias products are cannot afforded by some lower class of the society people. These led those products hard to sell and make the market of those product fail at the end. Opportunity Nokia opportunity is to expand their business all around the world. With Nokia Companys strength, which have a wide network of sale and promotion, features and different price range for different people, make its have the advantages more than the competitors. As an example, Nokia use to improve the equipment and knowledge of the phone to make a better product, so that can increase the customers attraction. By doing this, it can attraction new customers and purchase phone under the Nokia brand name. Other than that, Nokia also use the innovation to recreate their products. They offer what other competitors have offer to their customer and this make the Nokia have own style. At the same time, Nokia also target right customer at the right time, for an example, Telecom penetration in India is take action when the level of the living standard in India has increased. They also can afford to buy a phone as well, so this make Nokia have opportunity to expand their business as wide as possibl e. Threats Nokia, been as the top sales among the other competitors. The ranking of it remain at top until today and Nokia need to maintain its position as a market leader. The threats that Nokia facing may be something like offer new features, style and type of product and services. Because of the competition around, Nokia need to make strategies to overcome those problems in present and future. For an example, Once the WLL network growing demand, the sales of Nokia will drop. This is why Nokia provides many less CDMA phone as they can to customer. Critical issue Programmed and Market Threats Programmed threats can definitely cause significant damage. The personal information of Nokia can be copied and get sent to any rival companies, confidential information can also be modified, and the configuration can be reset to allow subsequent unauthorized access, leaving an open entry to all intruders. The services provided by Nokia can be extended but the clients will start to worry about the Nokia Company and will start questioning the Companys security to safe guard their personal information. Nokia would have to face consequences if their system is used as strategic launch points for broader distribution of programmed threat software. In addition, Nokia Company has a low popularity of Symbian Operating System. Most of the rivalry such as Samsung, Sony Ericsson, Apple and Motorola are now using the new the Google Android Operating System, which is better than Symbian Operating System. The Apple Company is taking up shares from the Nokia Company and their IPhone is the most pop ular mobile devices all over the world. There are now new entrants are entering the market following Apple such as Dell, Google, and Acer. In 2009, Nokia Company now owns 36.4% of the market, and Samsung is the second runner-up with 19.5% of the market. Motorola and Sony Ericsson may now be an annoyance to the other two companies but it will change soon. Nokia isnt expected to solve its problem anytime soon. For year, Nokia has been confident with its Symbian System and didnt explore the system because there wasnt much competition. During that time, Apples experts have been coming up with ideas and they have come up with Googles Android OS which got Nokias Symbian caught in a shocked. On the other hand, Nokia responded by having their cell phone market share increased from 35-40%. Samsung and Motorola have been chipping away at their competitors market share and are delivering phones to consumers at a reasonable price. Low-Cost threats and New Rivals There are also some issues with the cost of the company. Nokia Company has been concentrating on their traditional competitors such as Motorola, Sony Ericsson, Samsung, and Siemens. Nokia Company has been focusing on how to compete with their competitors through mobile phones, market shares, and technology, that they allowed other low-cost company to be successful and has entered the market steadily. The low-cost company that has been successful is the Chinese low-cost competitor Huawei, whose company is now the leader in fixed-line networks, mobile-telecommunication networks, and Internet. Then another company, known as the Vizio, a little LCD TV supplier that took lead in the premium brand for five years and became the North American market leader in large-format TVs. These low-cost companies built their name and momentum slowly and in a smart way by paying close attention to the market and competing in an undeveloped segment in the market. Competition between low-cost competitors can go unnoticed due to their ranking in the market. With these said, it shows that Nokia Company has been too arrogant and comfortable with their position that they have made a blind spot for themselves. Nokia Company has a slow reaction when they are facing new rivals. (A). Target market The Nokia target market segment consists of specific group of customers like various age groups of people who focuses its marketing efforts. The Nokia target is likely to have two main reasons; the first is to gain profit and secondly is to aim at consumers that need form of communication. For example, it is targeted mostly at consumers with the age of 19-39 years old looking for entertainment. It is to attract them to use this specific brand and to promote itself in the market. Nokia can be described as a means of communication in today technological world. In terms of demographics it can define that Nokia target market apply to marketers commonly use in segmenting markets which also include gender, ethnicity, income, and social class. For example, to attract customers Nokia would have to come out with new ways of improving their cell phones, to add new applications or software to make it unique from its competitors. Not to mention, to gain reputation as a company that manufactures quality and provisionary cell phones. Gender on the other hand is another demographic variable commonly used, for example if Nokia were to aim their products at various age groups they would have to know when, where and how to aim. Thus, results could be astonishing then what seem to be. Ethnicity is a another variable of segmenting markets like Nokia, for example Nokia captures market in Asia hoping to attract buyers and dealers to sell their products and in turn gain status at that. Another is income, it often provides way to divide markets because it strongly influences people product needs. Product like Nokia segmented by income include, cell phones, wireless headset, memory cards and other small parts like battery, cable and installation Cd guide. For social class, consumers tend to be more alike as occupying inferiority or superiority according to their own, thus they are able to move up or down during their lifetime. Psychographics variables of Nokia include personality characteristic, motives and lifestyles, to segment markets. Personality characteristics can be useful for segmentation, like when Nokia is competing with other competitors like Motorola, Samsung, and Sony Ericsson. However, this segmentation can also be very risky, although when appealing to a personality characteristic Nokia also must view opinion from different view. When motives are used, Nokia will probably be divided into different types of categories and likely will be judge by consumers like dealers and buyers. For example, Nokia target from various age groups but mostly aim at 19-39 years old to attract the younger generations into buying their products and hence enjoy growth rate sales as a result. Lastly, behavioral variables for Nokia can be defined as a market according to some feature of consumer behaviors towards it. For example, Nokia can be group into environmentally friendly and will most probably be careful in producing cell phones in the near future due to popular demands. To satisfy the consumers needs Nokia have to be fully aware that setting prices, or even initiate special promotion and distribution activities are very vital in the upbringing of the brand name. For example, a consumer who purchases a cell phone is interested in the specifications or software. Thus, consumers are segmented directly according to their needs and wants. B. Product (Core, Actual and Augmented Products) (Nokia Core Product) As you can see in the picture above, this particular cell phone happens to be a Nokia core product. The design is taken from a famous movie call the Star Wars, this product has many features that are able to solve problems for consumers. For example, if a consumer were to purchase this particular product expects it to be in tip top condition which means brand new and not spoilt. Without the benefits, this product has no value in the market. The actual product of Nokia which includes the core product represents the consumer most basic expectations of a product or service. It is here that basic and identifiable differences between dealers begin to surface. For example, in order to meet expectations of the actual product Nokia has created the product so that consumers have fully understanding of. In the second picture above, it tells that consumers can drag and drop the things that they wan onto the computer using the Nokia cell phone as a mouse. For example, when purchasing this particular device it is also important that a consumer consider the style of the device, the choice of applications, operational software and other extras. Lastly, the augmented products of Nokia, can be define as a bundle for a specific product or service that the consumers expect. For example, the augmentations for a Nokia product may include an extensive warranty and product support package. But it also comes with a disadvantage like differentiating features and consumer needs or wants. Plus such augmentations are not always successful, particularly when its faced in reality majority does not like it because it haves too many hardware or it could also mean that it is too complicated and not user friendly at all. Another reason is that Nokia cell phone could have lots of functions that users find it very difficult to use and instead prefer a less sophisticated cell phone. Hence, consumers should be very careful in choosing the right product to avoid regrets and dissatisfactory results. (Branding, Packaging, Warranties and Customer Service) Nokia branding has been recognize worldwide in today world, Nokia branding strategy involves or shall I say Nokia Group the Finland based manufacturer of mobile has been steadily working on the brand name. Its effectiveness and efficiency has even knock off mobile producer Motorola for the number 1 spot. Nokia has even succeeded in lending their personality and not even give out them names. Not to mention, there are three degrees of brand loyalty which includes recognition, preference and insistence. Brand recognition occurs when consumers see that Nokia exists and views it as an alternative purchase if the preferred brand is unavailable. For example, the Nokia branding strategy proves that its brand can be intangible, including ideas and places. Whereas, brand preference is a stronger degree of brand loyalty and brand insistence occurs when a consumer wants a specific brand like Nokia and will accept no substitute and is willing to spend a great deal of time and effort to acquire it . (Nokia packaging) The picture shows the packaging of Nokia cell phones, packaging functions are manufacture from Nokia on factory and company which is located in Finland. Its purpose is to provide protection from any damages to the cell phone. Another function of this packaging is to offer convenience to consumers and also dealers. For example, the manual guide and installation is provided in the package when consumers buy the cell phone. Not to mention, cable memory card and battery are also put into the box for protection and its also easier to manage rather than splitting them and costing of the outcome is also not cheap. A third function of packaging is also to promote the product by explaining the details of the cell phones like the features, benefits and image to the consumer. Nokia warranties usually include 24 months for the mobile device, twelve months for accessories (whether included in the mobile device sales package or sold separately). Six months for the batteries, chargers, headset and so on and a ninety days period for the replacement, and the repairing of any other items. Lastly, the Nokia Customer Service is usually directed at their website, this is to ensure that consumers do not get the wrong idea and will ask question when is necessary. Consumers can always go to the Nokia website and ask question regarding their cell phone and get feedback from the Nokia Company. Also, remember to ask questions only related to Nokia else questions that do not regard the specific request will most probably be ignored. Also, instead of email-ing those consumers can give Nokia a call also if they find that email is a slow process of having questions being answer slowly. Nokia deserves the right to help those in need of their assistance and requirements. Nokia customer care line is usually the form or means of communicating and getting answers quickly then email. D. Distribution Nokia distribution channels would involve activities that make products available to consumers when and where they want to purchase them. For example, Nokia Corporation has signed with VoIP service of Vyke AS, Mobile IP under the terms of distributing their cell phones or shall I say their products worldwide. This in turns also helps VoIP service of Vyke AS, Mobile IP gain profit and help raise their reputation to be expertise. The ways that consumers can obtain the product is by finding its location of the whereabouts of the Nokia retailer, as for the service of the product consumers can visit the Nokia website for more details and information regarding it. Other channels include TESSCO technologies; to expand the distribution Nokia has selected this particular company to leverage its customer network and superior supply chain management capabilities to open new distribution channels for Nokia cell phone original accessories. Lastly Nokia brilliant strategy is to have its products at the right time and in convenient locations. In dealing with the TESSCO technologies and Vyke AS, it is vital that Nokia carefully plan and strategize their work plan and their workforce together. With these objectives in mind, Nokia will be able to succeed and make its product available to consumers through stores, mail order, catalogues and website ordering. Nowadays, ordering and buying online is one of the common things in consumers. But what is more surprising is how Nokia can achieve it by supplying all the products and in time. The basic strategy of Nokia is to be present in all price ranges. This strategic plan helps them by attracting consumers from around the world to buy their product, for example like the Nokia Smartphone N97 has sold 500,000 since its launch in June. E. Promotion http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SbxyLnwFSvI http://www.facebook.com/#!/nokia http://blogs.nokia.com/ There are four possible elements of a promotion mix which are advertising, personal selling, public relations and sales promotion. As you can see in the video above you, this is the advertisement of Nokia product n900. We can conclude that advertising is a paid non-personal communication about an organization and its products transmitted to a target audience through mass media like the video shown above. Advertising on YouTube also helps consumers to see and review the specifications of the product that they might consider buying it. Not to mention, Nokia nowadays has been so popular that advertising on the social network call Facebook has even pop out. Consumers who have an account with Facebook can also see the ongoing promotions that Nokia has produce. As for the blogs, Nokia has created a website that helps consumers read about the featured articles and helps them gain knowledge about Nokia particular products. Whereas, for personal selling Nokia would probably be paid personal communication that seeks to inform customers and persuade them to purchase products in an exchange situation. Personal selling also consists of three types of communication for Nokia, which are the kinesics communication, proxemic communication, and tactile communication. Kinesics communications are usually movement from the head, eyes, arms hands, legs and body. Nokia form of proxemic communication is by communicating in the physical distance like face to face. For example, a consumer may be displaying